Elements from d-block
Scandium : The 1st introduction to d block elements.
The element Scandium, It is the first transition element in the modern periodic table. Scandium comes in transition series of (Scandium to zinc) transition metal series.
Scandium is denoted by symbol Sc. The origin of the name comes from the Latin word Scandia meaning Scandinavia (It is sub region in Northern Europe).
Scandium is silvery metal, it comes in 3rd group and 4 period of periodic table.
Atomic number : 21.
Atomic mass : 44.955912 u
Electronic configuration : [Ar] 3d1 4s2
Melting point : 1541°C
Boiling point : 2830°C
Van der Waals radius : 230pm
Oxidation state : 0,1,2,+3
It is insoluble in water.
Discovery of Scandium :
Scandium was discovered earlier by the father of periodic table the Mendeleev. He predicted the element name ekaboron whose atomic number between 40 to 48.
Further in 1879, Lars Fredrik Nilson and his team detected the element Scandium in the minerals such as euxenite and gaddinite. Nilson separated scandium from this minerals through scandium oxide.
Scandium is 50th most common element on earth.
Earlier it was classified as rare element with lanthanides until it was produced in large scale.
Application of Sc was not developed until 1970s. After that it was found positive effects of Sc on aluminium alloys. It is also used as solid oxide, fuel cells.
Properties of Scandium is the are used as intermediate between yttrium and aluminium.
Reactions: when scandium is heated or finely divided scandium will dissolve in water to form solutions containing the aquated Sc(III) and hydrogen gas.
2Sc(s) + 6H2O(aq)
2Sc3+(aq) + 6OH-(aq) + 3H2(g)
Scandium tarnishes in air and burns readily to form scandium(III) oxide.
4Sc(s) + 3O2(g ) 2Sc2O3(s)
Scandium is very reactive towards all of the halogens, to produce trihalides.
It is insoluble in water.
Discovery of Scandium :
Scandium was discovered earlier by the father of periodic table the Mendeleev. He predicted the element name ekaboron whose atomic number between 40 to 48.
Further in 1879, Lars Fredrik Nilson and his team detected the element Scandium in the minerals such as euxenite and gaddinite. Nilson separated scandium from this minerals through scandium oxide.
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| Euxenite |
Scandium is 50th most common element on earth.
Earlier it was classified as rare element with lanthanides until it was produced in large scale.
Application of Sc was not developed until 1970s. After that it was found positive effects of Sc on aluminium alloys. It is also used as solid oxide, fuel cells.
Properties of Scandium is the are used as intermediate between yttrium and aluminium.
Reactions: when scandium is heated or finely divided scandium will dissolve in water to form solutions containing the aquated Sc(III) and hydrogen gas.
2Sc(s) + 6H2O(aq)
2Sc3+(aq) + 6OH-(aq) + 3H2(g)Scandium tarnishes in air and burns readily to form scandium(III) oxide.
4Sc(s) + 3O2(g )
2Sc2O3(s)Scandium is very reactive towards all of the halogens, to produce trihalides.
| 2Sc(s) + 3F2(g) 2ScF3(s) |
| 2Sc(s) + 3Cl2(g) 2ScCl3(s) |
| 2Sc(s) + 3Br2(l) 2ScBr3(s) |
| 2Sc(s) + 3I2(s) 2ScI3(s) The price of pure Scandium is between 4000 to 20000 US dollars per kilogram. |
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